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HT82B42R 데이터시트(PDF) 13 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc |
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HT82B42R 데이터시트(HTML) 13 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc |
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13 / 86 page ![]() Rev. 1.00 12 October 27, 2011 Rev. 1.00 13 October 27, 2011 HT82B42R/HT82B42RE I/O MCU with USB Interface System Architecture Akeyfactorinthehigh-performancefeaturesoftheHoltekrangeofmicrocontrollersisattributed totheinternalsystemarchitecture.Therangeofdevicestakeadvantageoftheusualfeaturesfound withinRISCmicrocontrollersprovidingincreasedspeedofoperationandenhancedperformance. Thepipeliningschemeisimplementedinsuchawaythatinstructionfetchingandinstruction executionareoverlapped,henceinstructionsareeffectivelyexecutedinonecycle,withthe exceptionofbranchorcallinstructions.An8-bitwideALUisusedinpracticallyalloperations oftheinstructionset.Itcarriesoutarithmeticoperations,logicoperations,rotation,increment, decrement,branchdecisions,etc..Theinternaldatapathissimplifiedbymovingdatathroughthe AccumulatorandtheALU.CertaininternalregistersareimplementedintheDataMemoryand canbedirectlyorindirectlyaddressed.Thesimpleaddressingmethodsoftheseregistersalong withadditionalarchitecturalfeaturesensurethataminimumofexternalcomponentsisrequiredto provideafunctionalI/OandA/Dcontrolsystemwithmaximumreliabilityandflexibility. Clocking and Pipelining Thesystemclockisderivedfromaninternaloscillatorandissubdividedintofourinternally generatednon-overlappingclocks,T1~T4.TheProgramCounterisincrementedatthebeginning oftheT1clockduringwhichtimeanewinstructionisfetched.TheremainingT2~T4clockscarry outthedecodingandexecutionfunctions.Inthisway,oneT1~T4clockcycleformsoneinstruction cycle.Althoughthefetchingandexecutionofinstructionstakesplaceinconsecutiveinstruction cycles,thepipeliningstructureofthemicrocontrollerensuresthatinstructionsareeffectively executedinoneinstructioncycle.Theexceptiontothisareinstructionswherethecontentsofthe ProgramCounterarechanged,suchassubroutinecallsorjumps,inwhichcasetheinstructionwill takeonemoreinstructioncycletoexecute. Forinstructionsinvolvingbranches,suchasjumporcallinstructions,twomachinecyclesare requiredtocompleteinstructionexecution.Anextracycleisrequiredastheprogramtakesone cycletofirstobtaintheactualjumporcalladdressandthenanothercycletoactuallyexecutethe branch.Therequirementforthisextracycleshouldbetakenintoaccountbyprogrammersintiming sensitiveapplications. Program Counter Duringprogramexecution,theProgramCounterisusedtokeeptrackoftheaddressofthenext instructiontobeexecuted.Itisautomaticallyincrementedbyoneeachtimeaninstructionis executedexceptforinstructions,suchas"JMP"or"CALL"thatdemandajumptoanon-consecutive ProgramMemoryaddress.Itmustbenotedthatonlythelower8bits,knownastheProgram CounterLowRegister,aredirectlyaddressablebyuser. |
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